Coagulate the verbs; sorulmaz, bulacaksın, atacaksın, arıyorsan, sandim, seviyorsan

1a) There is no word called "Sevsanardim" - here you have put together two independent verbs: Sev-mek (to love/like) and San-mak (to think/believe). The "-dim" suffix denotes past tense. For example:

Sanirdim = I used to think/believe (in e.g.: "I was of the conviction").
Severdim = I used to love/like (in e.g.: "I used to have an affection for/liking of...")

1b) You asked about the "-ar-"/"-er-" affix.

It can either be in the second person present tense as a suffix (for example: "Sanar" = "he/she thinks/believes" or "Sever" = "he/she loves/likes").

Or it can, as I demonstrated in the example of 1a, be a first person past tense: "Severdim" (as you see "-ar-" can also turn into "-er-" or "-ir-" - it all depends on the preceding vocals of the verb, really. You just have to memorize the different forms (and try to learn to choose the correct one of the three options).

I'm not gonna go into too many details - that would only confuse you if you don't know the "proper" forms of these verbs. But just to let you know there are "other" forms of these words: Sanar = Saniyor. Sever = Seviyor. These mean almost the exact same thing... And even in speech people use a third form which is "Saniyo" - dropping the "-r"...

1c) Sevgi is a noun. When you add the "-dim" suffix which denotes first person - you turn the noun into a verb. And when you do that in the particular case of the noun "Sevgi", it loses the whole "-gi" suffix - which is something like the "-ing" in "Loving". The words ends up looking like this: "Sevdim" = "I loved (him/her/it)"...

2) Seviyor-san:

This word is almost a complete sentence in its own right. It means "if you do love (him/her/it)". And the "-san" suffix is what brings the dependent if clause into the picture here. Whenever you see the "-san" suffix, think of it as a "conditional", because it's usually followed by a condition or demand: "if you love (pronoun or object) + then bla bla bla" (the condition)... It's sort of hard to explain - but I hope you see what I mean... If not - let me elaborate...

3) Ariyor-san:

Again there is the "-san" suffix which denotes condition. It basically says "If you are looking for" + then comes a condition or demand in the following words. It's very typically used in lyrics especially. Because "love" is usually conditional... (lol)

"Kimi yaninda ariyorsan" basically then means "whoever you may be looking for to be by your side" ---> the sentence which comes after this one usually is of regressive character - pointing back to the "-san" suffix in this sentence... If you let me have the rest of this example, then I may elaborate on how they are connected.

4) This is another form which is hard to explain - but let me try:

The "-sin" suffix denotes second person future tense. Like the "-san" suffix in some way - as they are related. While the "-san" suffix serves preconditions, the "-sin" suffix serves demands - usually very bold ones... Almost as if imperative - but they are not imperative, just very obligational (as they are called in grammar terminology). It says "must". But it can also be a question. In this case it is a "you have to" or a "you must" - but you have to interpret it every time according to context. But usually when it IS a question it is preceeded by the infix "-mi-": Atacakmisin = "Are you gonna throw it?"...

Root: Atmak = to throw...

5) Sorul-maz:

"-maz" is a suffix. It means "one does not" or "it shouldn't be done" - in e.g. it negates. "Sormak" = "to Ask". "Sorulmaz" = "It shouldn't be asked". In one way, it can denote moral of what is right or wrong - but it can also be a show of sensation. For example: "Inanilmaz" = "Unbelievable" from the root "Inanmak" = "to Believe". So again: depends on context...

6a) Coagulate? You mean you want to know their roots?

If I have understood your request correctly, then:

sorulmaz, bulacaksın, atacaksın, arıyorsan, sandim, seviyorsan

Sormak = to ask
Bulmak = to find
Atmak = to throw
Aramak = to search
Sanmak = to think/believe
Sevmek = to like/love

6b) There is no gender in Turkish... There is just "o" which can be "He", "She" or "It" in English depending on context...

I hope my explanation of the conditional form was sufficient - if not let me know and I will try to elaborate more on this matter...

6c) Any prepositions in particular? You can write down in English those you'd like to know/learn...