(1) Florain Geyer of Giebelstadt, franconian nobleman and knight, was a leader in the peasant rebellion during the German Peasants' War.
(1a) In this version by "die Streuner" this line reads "wir wollen mit Pfaff und Adel raufen" meaning "we want to meddle with priest and nobleman."
(1b) Bann, Kirchenbann or "Anathema" was the hardest punishment one could undergo from the church, issued by the pope and people believed their souls would be sent into eternal hellfire. "Acht" or "Reichsacht" was a decree issued by the worldly ruler of a principality, that declared a person "vogelfrei" (outlaw). Everybody was free to kill him or forward him to jurisdiction, which mostly meant death or at least a very long prison sentence.
(2) the "Bundschuh" movement (tied shoe) was a loosely linked series of localized peasant rebellions in SW germany between 1493 and 1517 and part of the German Peasants' War.
(3) Buhle, an archaic german word for "lover"
(4) Weinsberg, a municipality near Heilbronn, a city in swabia, South Germany.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinsberg